Discoloration/ changes in pigmentation/ Melasma
Melasma is a common skin condition causing dark patches, often on the face, due to increased melanin production from sun exposure, hormonal changes (pregnancy, birth control), and genetics. Treatments include topical creams with hydroquinone or azelaic acid, procedures like chemical peels and lasers, and strict sun protection with high-SPF sunscreen as a primary preventive measure. While it can fade over time, melasma often requires ongoing treatment and management due to its tendency to return.